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There are three reasons for difficult delivery of the first litter in sows. The first reason is due to weak uterine contractions, which require administering some oxytocin to the sow to aid in production; The second type is due to the premature elimination of amniotic fluid in the sow, resulting in a dry and rough birth canal and difficult delivery. This situation requires manual assistance as the sow cannot produce on its own; The third type is difficult delivery due to abnormal fetal position, which also requires manual assistance.
Reasons for difficult delivery of sows
Narrowing birth canal and difficult delivery in sows: It is more common in primiparous sows. Due to the fact that sows are still in the growth and development stage after mating and pregnancy, and the pelvic opening is too small, although the sow undergoes strong uterine contractions, the fetus cannot be discharged from the uterine opening, causing difficult delivery. Weak fertility and difficult delivery: commonly seen in weak, diseased, high parity or multiparous sows. Due to fatigue causing weak uterine contractions, the fetus cannot be expelled from the birth canal, leading to difficult labor.
Reasons related to the fetus: Firstly, the fetus is too large and difficult to give birth, which is more common in sows with too few offspring and caused by excessive fetal development leading to difficult labor. The second is fetal malposition induced difficult labor, which is more common in cases where the fetus is in an improper position in the birth canal, blocking the birth canal and causing difficult labor. The third is fetal malformation with difficult labor, where fetal malformation cannot pass through the birth canal smoothly, causing difficult labor. The fourth is stillbirth induced difficult labor, where the fetus dies for a long time in the mother's body, causing fetal edema and swelling, resulting in difficult labor. Difficulty in delivery is still caused by two fetuses entering the birth canal at the same time, but it is relatively rare.
What should I do if the first born sow has difficulty giving birth?
1. Preventing difficult childbirth
Difficulty in giving birth in primiparous sows is generally caused by narrow birth canal, which is related to early mating of reserve sows. However, this can be controlled by controlling the mating weight, which can be achieved by adjusting the appropriate mating weight for different breeds to prevent noisy mating. If premature mating occurs, feeding control measures during late pregnancy can be used to prevent the newborn piglets from being too large and ensure smooth delivery of the sow.
Moreover, the light weight of newborn piglets can be compensated for through careful feeding in the later stages, but if the mother and piglets are injured or killed due to difficult childbirth, the losses will be even greater.
2. Sows that may have difficulty giving birth
If there are signs of difficult delivery in sows, such as a large belly or narrow vagina, induction of labor can be performed with clopidogrel in the pigsty in advance. Using self hormones combined with external hormones can help the birth canal open more thoroughly, and piglet production will be smoother.
3. Inefficient sows
There are two methods available: injection of oxytocin and massage. oxytocin can enhance the strength of uterine smooth muscle; Massage can enhance the contraction strength of abdominal muscles through manual labor. If both methods are used together, it can promote smooth birth of piglets.
4. General difficult to deliver sows
You can use the four steps of pushing, probing, pulling, and adjusting for manual assisted delivery. Wear gloves and disinfect before inserting into the birth canal to explore the position of the piglet. If it is in the mouth, try to pull it out; If it cannot be pulled, you can first push the piglet back, adjust its posture, and then pull it out.
5. Long term failure to produce piglets
At this point, the birth canal is no longer lubricated. You can inject strong lubricating vegetable oil first to smooth the birth canal before giving birth.
6. Edema appears in the birth canal
At this point, the hand cannot penetrate deeply, and the piglet cannot be produced for a long time, possibly already dead. In this case, it is necessary to take the preservation of the sow as the premise, and under the condition of intravenous anti-inflammatory treatment, the pigsty should use chloroprostenol. One day later, a trial delivery should be conducted; If the swelling has already subsided at this point, you can apply lubricant by hand for delivery to prevent the fetus from rotting in the uterus and affecting the health of the sow.
7. Caesarean section
For technicians with good medical skills, cesarean section can be considered; If proper measures are taken to prevent heavy bleeding and reduce postpartum inflammation, sows do not necessarily have to be eliminated. They can still continue to give birth after the wound has healed.
Although difficult delivery of sows is a common problem in pig farms, if not treated in a timely manner, it can easily lead to the death of both mother and offspring during difficult delivery, causing significant economic losses to the pig farm.